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How to Use awk User Defined Functions and Math the Safe Way
Write awk user functions: parameters and local variables, recursion, libraries, numeric precision, rounding and the string versus number pitfalls.
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Write awk user functions: parameters and local variables, recursion, libraries, numeric precision, rounding and the string versus number pitfalls.

Use PHP preg functions: preg_match, preg_match_all, preg_replace and callbacks, delimiters and flags, named groups, error checks and the u modifier.

Structure a shell script with a main function, small helpers and a guarded entry point, so it can be sourced for tests and read from the top down.